Validation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale‐Military version‐Short Form

Military personnel may encounter morally injurious events that lead to emotional, social, and spiritual suffering that transcend and/or overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Advancement of scientific research and potential clinical innovation for moral injury (MI) requires a diversity of measurement approaches. Drawing on results from the bifactor model in Currier et al.'s (2017) psychometric evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale‐Military version (EMIS‐M), this study validated a four‐item short form of the instrument with two samples of veterans with a history of war‐zone service. Namely, despite the reduced number of items, the EMIS‐M‐Short Form (SF) yielded favourable internal consistency and comparable levels of convergent validity with theoretically related constructs (e.g., PTSD and struggles with morality and ultimate meaning) as the full‐length version. Notwithstanding the possible utility of distinguishing between self‐ and other‐directed forms of MI, factor analytic results further revealed that the EMIS‐M‐SF was best conceptualized with a unidimensional factorial model that might allow for a general assessment of MI‐related outcomes. Overall, these initial results suggest that the EMIS‐M‐SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.     

重症颅脑外伤患者引入以循证为基础的早期营养支持干预的效果分析

目的 探讨重症颅脑外伤患者引入以循证为基础的早期营养支持干预的效果。方法 选择2017年5月-2019年5月本院神经外科收治的重症颅脑外伤患者108例,按随机数字表法分为2组,各54例; 对照组术后行早期常规营养支持干预,观察组术后行以循证为基础的早期营养支持干预; 比较2组肠内营养耐受性、治疗依从性、干预前后NIHSS评分、FMA评分变化及术后并发症发生率。结果 观察组颅脑外伤后第7 d肠内营养最大输注量高于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组治疗依从性优于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组干预后NIHSS评分低于对照组,FMA评分高于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组术后总并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 重症颅脑外伤患者引入以循证为基础的早期营养支持干预可改善肠内营养耐受性,提高治疗依从性,促进神经功能和运动功能恢复,降低术后并发症发生率。     

Social trauma and its association with posttraumatic stress disorder and social anxiety disorder

The key characteristic of a traumatic event as defined by the Diagnostic and Mental Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) seems to be a threat to life. However, evidence suggests that other types of threats may play a role in the development of PTSD and other disorders such as social anxiety disorder (SAD). One such threat is social trauma, which involves humiliation and rejection in social situations. In this study, we explored whether there were differences in the frequency, type and severity of social trauma endured by individuals with a primary diagnosis of SAD (n = 60) compared to a clinical control group of individuals with a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 19) and a control group of individuals with no psychiatric disorders (n = 60). The results showed that most participants in this study had experienced social trauma. There were no clear differences in the types of experiences between the groups. However, one third of participants in the SAD group (but none in the other groups) met criteria for PTSD or suffered from clinically significant PTSD symptoms in response to their most significant social trauma. This group of SAD patients described more severe social trauma than other participants. This line of research could have implications for theoretical models of both PTSD and SAD, and for the treatment of individuals with SAD suffering from PTSD after social trauma.     

早期康复护理和功能锻炼在骨创伤患者术后的应用效果

目的探究早期康复护理和功能锻炼应用于骨创伤患者术后效果。方法选取2018年1月—12月本院收治的60例骨创伤手术患者,随机分成观察组与对照组,各组30例。对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组患者实施术后康复护理及功能锻炼。对比两组护理效果。结果观察组的骨折愈合时长与住院时长都短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预6个月后的,观察组的焦虑评分、抑郁评分、疼痛评分以及总分都优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对骨创伤手术患者,应用术后康复护理与功能锻炼,可以有效加快患者骨折愈合速度,减轻患者的关节疼痛,促进尽快恢复关节功能,效果突出,推动患者尽早恢复健康。     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.